Improving the Concrete Compressive and Flexural Strength with a Low Fraction Addition of Carboxylated Nitro-oxidized Cellulose Nanofibrils from Banana Rachis
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Conventionally, concrete strength depends on the bonding interface, especially in hydrated products such as calcium silicate hydrate (CSH). As a result, concrete is sensitive under tensile load. With its unique properties, a low fraction of carboxylated nitro-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (NOCNF) from the banana rachis is employed to improve the mechanical performance of the concrete nano structurally. Compressive and flexural strength using the NOCNF content at 0, 0.05, and 0.1 wt. % cured in 7 and 28 days were evaluated. Notably, the compressive strength increased by 16% and flexural strength by 13% at 0.1% NOCNF compared to plain concrete after the 28 curing days. A low NOCNF fraction achieved a good, albeit impossible, performance with the microscale fibers. The nanostructured effect was discussed twofold: an excellent interaction between the NOCNF and the hydrated products and the carboxylic groups on the NOCNF surface enhanced the cement hydration. These data are better than the literature based on the small-diameter cellulose nanofibrils without the carboxyl groups. As a sustainable nanocomponent, NOCNF could be a perfect candidate to improve concrete performance under mechanical load.
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Mushi NE, et al.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
McCarthy MJ, Dyer TD. Pozzolanas and pozzolanic materials. In: Lea’s Chemistry of Cement and Concrete. 5th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 2019;363-467. Available from: https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/pozzolanas-and-pozzolanic-materials
Ramachandran VS, Beaudoin JJ. Handbook of analytical techniques in concrete science and technology: principles, techniques, and applications. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2000. Available from: https://shop.elsevier.com/books/handbook-of-analytical-techniques-in-concrete-science-and-technology/ramachandran/978-0-8155-1437-4
Callister Jr WD. Materials science and engineering: an introduction. 7th ed. New York: Wiley; 2007. Available from: https://www.amazon.in/Materials-Science-Engineering-Introduction-Wiley/dp/0470120320
Mostafa M, Uddin N. Experimental analysis of Compressed Earth Block (CEB) with banana fibers resisting flexural and compression forces. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2016;5:53-63. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2016.07.001
Hisseine OA, Wilson W, Sorelli L, Tolnai B, Tagnit-Hamou A. Nanocellulose for improved concrete performance: A macro-to-micro investigation for disclosing the effects of cellulose filaments on strength of cement systems. Construction and Building Materials. 2019;206:84-96. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.042
El-Feky MS, El-Tair AM, Kohail M, Serag MI. Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose as a Green Alternative to Carbon Nanotubes in Nano Reinforced Cement Composites. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering. 2019;8(12):2278-3075. Available from: https://www.ijitee.org/wp-content/uploads/papers/v8i12/L33771081219.pdf
Cengiz A, Kaya M, Bayramgil NP. Flexural stress enhancement of concrete by incorporation of algal cellulose nanofibers. Construction and Building Materials. 2017;149:289-95. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.104
Rahimi-Aghdam S, Bažant ZP, Qomi MA. Cement hydration from hours to centuries controlled by diffusion through barrier shells of CSH. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. 2017;99:211-24. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2016.10.010
Barnat-Hunek D, ska-Chargot MS, Jarosz-Hadam M, Łagód G. Effect of cellulose nanofibrils and nanocrystals on physical properties of concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2019;223:1-11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.06.145
Senthilkumar K, Siva I, Rajini N, Jappes JW, Siengchin S. Mechanical characteristics of tri-layer eco-friendly polymer composites for interior parts of aerospace application. In: Sustainable composites for aerospace applications. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 2018;35-53. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102131-6.00003-7
Moon RJ, Martini A, Nairn J, Simonsen J, Youngblood J. Cellulose nanomaterials review: structure, properties, and nanocomposites. Chemical Society Reviews. 2011;40(7):3941-94. Available from: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2011/cs/c0cs00108b
Vincent JF, Wegst UG. Design and mechanical properties of insect cuticle. Arthropod Structure & Development. 2004;33(3):187-99. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2004.05.006
Florian TDM, Villani N, Aguedo M, Jacquet N, Thomas HG, Gerin P, et al. Chemical composition analysis and structural features of banana rachis lignin extracted by two organosolv methods. Industrial Crops and Products. 2019;132:269-74. Available from: https://dial.uclouvain.be/pr/boreal/object/boreal%3A214867/datastream/PDF_01/view
Zuluaga R, Putaux JL, Cruz J, Vélez J, Mondragon I, Gañán P. Cellulose microfibrils from banana rachis: Effect of alkaline treatments on structural and morphological features. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2009;76(1):51-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.09.024
Sharma PR, Joshi R, Sharma SK, Hsiao BS. A simple approach to prepare carboxycellulose nanofibers from untreated biomass. Biomacromolecules. 2017;18(8):2333-42. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00544
Chen H, Chi K, Cao R, Sharma SK, Bokhari SM, Johnson KI, et al. Nitro-oxidation process for fabrication of efficient bioadsorbent from lignocellulosic biomass by combined liquid-gas phase treatment. Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications. 2022;3:100219. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100219
Aïtcin P-C, Flatt RJ. Science and technology of concrete admixtures. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing; 2015. Available from: https://shop.elsevier.com/books/science-and-technology-of-concrete-admixtures/aitcin/978-0-08-100693-1
Gligorovski S, Strekowski R, Barbati S, Vione D. Environmental implications of hydroxyl radicals (• OH). Chemical Reviews. 2015;115(24):13051-92. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500310b
Rwegasila E, Li L, Berglund LA, Mushi NE. Strong nanostructured film and effective lead (II) removal by nitro-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils from banana rachis. Cellulose. 2024;31(5):1-17. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-05749-4
International Organization for Standardization. Testing of concrete Part 3: Making and curing test specimens, ISO 1920. 2019. Available from: https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/iso/50dfd126-fd36-48c6-91d0-c3205fe2d4d8/iso-1920-3-2019?srsltid=AfmBOoqCGUljuxIj9MXyuQr5im8p13G5ItjrhVdC5CG_2C6M-rx8Tk7P
Lyons A. Materials for architects and builders. 3rd ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2007. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080465791
International Organization for Standardization. Testing of concrete — Part 4: Strength of hardened concrete, ISO https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/72260/a32f5d2f674047459842b873435fe9ee/ISO-1920-4-2020.pdf
Hisseine OA, Omran AF, Tagnit-Hamou A. Influence of cellulose filaments on cement pastes and concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 2018;30(6). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/%28ASCE%29MT.1943-5533.0002287
Onuaguluchi O, Panesar D, Sain M. Properties of nanofibre reinforced cement composites. Construction and Building Materials. 2014;63:119-24. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.072
Long W, Wang Y. Effect of pine needle fibre reinforcement on the mechanical properties of concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2021;278:122333. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122333
Kolias S, Georgiou C. The effect of paste volume and of water content on the strength and water absorption of concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2005;27(2):211-6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cemconcomp.2004.02.009
Cao Y, Zavaterri P, Youngblood J, Moon R, Weiss J. The influence of cellulose nanocrystal additions on the performance of cement paste. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2015;56:73–83. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.11.008
Flores J, Kamali M, Ghahremaninezhad A. An investigation into the properties and microstructure of cement mixtures modified with cellulose nanocrystal. Materials. 2017;10(5):498. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10050498
Peters SJ, Rushing TS, Landis EN, Cummins TK. Nanocellulose and Microcellulose Fibers for Concrete. Transportation Research Record. 2010;2142:25–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2142-04
Nishiyama Y, Langan P, Chanzy H. Crystal structure and hydrogen-bonding system in cellulose Iβ from synchrotron X-ray and neutron fiber diffraction. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2002;124(31):9074-82. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0257319
Guan W, Ji F, Chen Q, Yan P, Pei L. Synthesis and enhanced phosphate recovery property of porous calcium silicate hydrate using polyethyleneglycol as pore-generation agent. Materials. 2013;6(7):2846-61. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma6072846
Mohammadkazemi F, Doosthoseini K, Ganjian E, Azin M. Manufacturing of bacterial nano-cellulose reinforced fiber-cement composites. Construction and Building Materials. 2015;101:958-64. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.093
Bergold S, Goetz-Neunhoeffer F, Neubauer J. Quantitative analysis of C–S–H in hydrating alite pastes by in-situ XRD. Cement and Concrete Research. 2013;53:119-26. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.06.001
Kezuka Y, Kawai K, Eguchi K, Tajika M. Fabrication of single-crystalline calcite needle-like particles using the aragonite–calcite phase transition. Minerals. 2017;7(8):133. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min7080133
Kong L, Gao L, Du Y. Effect of coarse aggregate on the interfacial transition zone of concrete based on grey correlation. Magazine of Concrete Research. 2014;66(7):339-47. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.13.00269
Cherubini F. The biorefinery concept: Using biomass instead of oil for producing energy and chemicals. Energy Conversion and Management. 2010;51(7):1412-21. Available from: https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1864927
Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF). The United Republic of Tanzania. President's Office-State House. Available from: https://www.tasaf.go.tz/pages/test