Excavation and Future Direction of Cultural Architecture and Elements from the Perspective of Canal Culture

The article takes the cultural architecture and landscape under the Chinese Grand Canal system as the research object, and the core is to deeply explore the cultural connotation under the Grand Canal system and its connection with ‘ real space ‘. Through questionnaires, comparative analysis of examples, ﬁ eld visits, and other means to summarize common problems, in-depth analysis of speciﬁ c protection methods and potential challenges. Finally, the results of this study are extended to policy recommendations to further promote the protection, inheritance, and utilization of historical relics in the canal system. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the characteristics of cultural space from the perspective of canal culture, the similarities and diﬀ erences between the north and south canal culture in China, the questionnaire survey for tourists, from the aspects of building type and satisfaction evaluation to understand the value of cultural architecture and cultural elements to culture itself. Finally, based on the above analysis, taking Xinyu Village in Linping District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, and three other world heritage canals as examples, this paper further explores the possible direction of canal culture in the future and puts forward feasible countermeasures for the management of the whole canal system.

through which it lowed and gradually formed a unique Grand Canal culture system.The culture nurtured by the canal and the linear area through which it lows is both part of traditional Chinese culture and one of the genes that have shaped Chinese culture [6][7][8].
The third keywords are 'Real Space'.It refers to a real site with physical spatial properties related to the Grand Canal culture, not a site that is boundless and dif icult to de ine physical boundaries.Also of strong relevance to the Grand Canal water system are water conservancy projects, hydraulic facilities, bridges and piers, and the historical, cultural, and architectural heritage of cities and towns along the route, such as the three bays of the Yangzhou section of the Grand Canal, in the past, it used to slow down the speed of water low by using the river to change the bend growth to resist the high potential energy of water low [9,10].At the same time, buildings and facilities such as Gao Min Temple, Wen Feng Pagoda, and local assembly halls were continuously built and preserved along the canal and its surrounding space from the Gua Zhou Ferry of the Yangtze River to the ancient city

Three key words
The irst keyword 'Grand Canal' refers speci ically to the 'Grand Canal of China', which has been inscribed on the World Cultural Heritage List 1 [1][2][3].It is the general name of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, Sui-Tang Canal, and Zhedong Canal.It has both main veins and tributaries, as well as some trickling streams.It is a universal phenomenon that urban and rural human settlements 'live by water' and many cities have 'Mother Rivers'.There are various ways to relate urban and rural spaces to water, such as waterfront, near water and water-friendly, etc.
The second keyword is 'Culture'.The Grand Canal is not only a major artery for north-south transportation in China, but also an important carrier for the spread of Chinese civilization.It has effectively promoted cultural exchange and mutual appreciation in different regions [4,5].As the saying goes, 'One side of the land raises one side of the people'.The Grand Canal had a great impact on the development and evolution of culture and art, opera and music, customs and rituals, food, clothing, housing, and lifestyle in the region https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.acee.1001054 of Yangzhou.In a word, the real space is the actual physical space, not the subjective imaginary space [11][12][13].
Based on the above premise, the article further analyzes the common approaches to implementing 'Canal Culture' in the shaping of physical space and stimulates the potential for canal culture for its nurturing function, contemporary regeneration, and future innovation.

Characteristics of cultural space in the perspective of canal culture
The pattern of towns along the canal is diverse, with different types of cultural elements derived from different spatial scales.In addition to the above-mentioned water projects, there are also the most common traditional settlements, public buildings, and landscape structures [14][15][16].Through ield research, the following characteristics were summarized.
• Flexible distribution of riverine settlements on the river axis: As the main body of cultural buildings, it is more dif icult for the street space to overcome common problems such as the lack of vitality of the space behind the river or away from the river, the dif iculty of forming a system with scattered distribution, and the lack of cultural atmosphere.Flexible distribution refers to the distribution of points, strips, or groups along the river, supplemented by landscapes, nodal activity spaces, iconic structures, or buildings as a way to relieve visitors' fatigue [17].It makes the space scattered in form but not in spirit, softening the pause of the building through the articulation of material space or in spirit [18][19][20][21].
• Public buildings focus on dialogue between ancient and modern: The Sui Tang Grand Canal Culture Museum and the OCT Jining Grand Canal Culture & Art Center, for example, are closely focused on the clear subject of canal culture and therefore have distinct regional qualities (Figure 1) [22].The former takes the arch bridge structure erected over the Luo River as the prototype, and replaces the igurative imitation of traditional styles with the natural presentation of modern construction techniques, thus realizing the dialogue between ancient and modern civilizations (Figure 2) [23].The latter responds to the 'the deceased is like water' with its " lowing" shape, integrating the building into its environment and serving as a good transition to the watery mechanism and the urban fabric.
• Landscape architecture using the appropriate spatial scale: Thousands of years of canals have nurtured many cultures such as farming and weaving.
The preservation and addition of landscape sketches and a series of cultural elements enhance the cultural atmosphere of the canal.Through a profound understanding of nature, culture, and design, the designer draws on symbols such as the Grand Canal and old buildings and expresses them in modern art, interpreting an oriental aesthetic view.The structure that pays more attention to the spatial scale of this process is more likely to stand out.For example, some landscape structures not only focus on human 'standing' and 'sitting' needs but also 'lying' and 'playing' needs.This kind of structure of the target group's psychological needs and behavioral needs of in-depth consideration of visitor satisfaction is relatively higher [24][25][26][27].

Canal culture comparison between north and south
The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal runs from north to south.Taking Beijing and Zhejiang as examples, it is easy to see that there are commonalities in the protection of the Grand Canal, but also certain differences due to regional and historical reasons.Observing the Five-Year Action Plan for the Protection and Heritage Utilization of the Grand Canal Culture in Beijing (2018-2022) and the Implementation Plan for the Protection  and Heritage Utilization of the Grand Canal Culture in Zhejiang Province, proposed successively in 2019 and 2020 [28][29][30], the following similarities and differences are summarized.Canal Culture North-South Comparison is shown in Table 1 [31].
Predict the blue ocean: provide innovative ideas about river remediation and ecological restoration, renovation and upgrading of architectural and cultural relics, creating IP for the cultural tourism industry, adding ornamental features of the Grand Canal through cultural innovation, and building a special museum system [32].

Exploring the long-term development of canal cultural space based on tourists' questionnaires
The analysis of the questionnaire results of 100 visitors to four types of spatial patterns of the canal water system: exhibition-type cultural buildings, study-type cultural buildings, cultural landscape structures, and street and alley-type cultural building groups.The street and alley-type cultural building groups are the most popular among visitors, and visitors are most willing to stay in them, implying that the protection and development of street and alley spaces have great value.Although the research space has public attributes and the construction cost is no less than that of exhibitiontype cultural buildings, it has higher economic bene its and educational value.The number of People Most Willing at the Location is shown in Figure 3.The visitor Satisfaction and Age Correlation Curve is shown in Figure 4 [33,34].

The possibility of deep cultivation of canal culture in the future -taking four world heritage canals as an example
• Regional 1 expression as an important design tool for cultural architecture: Due to the differences in locality, ethnicity, environment, and culture, architecture has an obvious and sustainable cultural speci icity [35].As they interact with each other, the speci icity of architecture seems to diminish.The importance of this topic is constantly argued, from the many new construction, renovation, and restoration projects in China in recent years to the different expressions of the Pritzker Prize winners abroad on locality.Respect for regional culture is one of the tenets of cultural architecture.At the same time, 'Culture' is widely used as an important element of regional expression.Adaptation and use of terrain and climate; a combination of modern architecture and traditional cultural elements; technical "appropriateness" based on demand; ecological and economic building materials and other innovations are the breakthrough point of regional architecture.Five cases of regional expression are shown in Table 2, which compares and analyzes the cooperation of their expression methods.
• New ways to boost canal culture, including special studies: As a research industry with high tourist satisfaction, the main development method is to

North
In the protection of cultural relics, ecological, restoration cultural preservation heritage utilization.Cultural tourism combined with the synergistic development of fi ve aspects of the requirements, and to strengthen the heritage of the canal culture protection in the fi rst place.
• Because of the diff erence in natural resources, the north and south ecological green belts are slightly diff erent • Special emphasis was placed on monitoring the Canal

South
• The economic link with the transformation and upgrading of canal shipping and the connection to "One Belt One Road" • Because water transport occupies an important position in the south, more attention is paid to the transformation and upgrading of canal shipping

Example
• Cultural relics: North -vacate cultural relics buildings around Shichahai Southproposed canal cultural heritage protection project and canal non-heritage protection heritage project • Ecology: North -through the North Canal and other 6 greenways South -proposed canal ecological environmental protection project • Tourism: North-build the fi rst 5 A scenic spots on the east of Beijing South -proposed the canal city and town upgrading project and the canal cultural tourism integration development project North -Proposed one river; two roads, and three areas' development pattern South -Build a spatial pattern of one corridor, two pieces, multiple groups `and multiple lines has plans to transform an old factory building into a landmark agricultural research base, which is currently being tender.A series of biological control and sewage puri ication measures have been adopted in the village, as Figures 6,7.
Drawing on the ecological model of mulberry ish ponds 2 in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the company is developing toward the "whole industry chain model of lotus ponds".The ponds are used for black ish farming and produce a series of deep-processing products such as lotus seeds, lotus combine industry, academia, and research, which has cultural bene its, economic bene its, and educational signi icance.Deeply cultivate local research resources and develop aspects closely related to canal culture, such as green agriculture.Retain foreign tourists and promote the linkage effect of local industries at the same time.
• New technologies energize canal culture: The development of canal culture should combine two dimensions: historical culture and real needs.For example, in Xinyu Village, Linping District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, the canal as its main water system has given birth to a long local farming culture.The demonstration farm of ecologically ef icient agriculture in the village: The Li Bobo family farm is shown in Figure 5.
Through ield research, we learned that the village is centered on the main line of work of the 'the Issues Related with Agriculture, Farmer, and Rural Area', based on the village's lotus, fruit lotus, snapper, and other advantageous resources, vigorously developing ecological and ef icient agriculture, and actively linking the surrounding resources.The government

Phoenix Valley Hilltop Art Gallery
Topography: follow the mountain, follow the trend, connect with the mountain and water, and integrate with nature It will not only reduce the damage to the local environment but will also better integrate into the local environment.In terms of engineering design, we can refer to the design scheme of the urban water environment ecological treatment project of Xinyutang [36], from the perspectives of bioaugmentation puri ication, ecological reoxygenationpumping fountain aeration, local aquatic plant community construction-ecological loating island, aquatic plant ecology construction and so on.The Midi Canal in France, also known as the Double Sea Canal or the South Canal, was built between 1667 and 1694.It is a canal connecting the Caron River and the Mediterranean Sea in southern France [37].Its designer is Pierre-Paul Riquet.The outstanding feature of the canal is the bold and innovative design, which integrates the canal development with the surrounding environmental protection by using the latest technology, creating a civil engineering miracle, greatly promoting the development of science and technology, and laying the foundation for the French industrial revolution [38].
Similarly, according to the data of the Canadian Park Service, the Rideau Canal was designed and supervised by John By.It was built from 1826 to 1832, starting from Ottawa, the capital of Canada, to the south of Kingston Harbor on Lake Ontario.The total length is 202 kilometers, of which 19 kilometers are arti icial canals.The whole canal consists of rivers, lakes, arti icial canals, and locks.The construction of the canal used the advanced European still water system, slack water system, at that time, that is, through the construction of high dams, the water level was raised, and the rapids and shoals in the natural river were submerged to accommodate the navigation of larger steam-powered ships, which provided a relatively safe material transportation route for the British colonies in Canada at that time [39].It is worth mentioning that he has effectively transformed its functions and roles many times, and successfully launched the Lido Cultural Heritage Corridor Ecotourism Project [40].
Finally, according to the British government's report, British Pontcysyllte Aqueduct & Canal was built in 1795-1808, from Horseshoe Falls in Retham, Wales, to Gleed, Denbey, England, with a total length of 18 kilometers.It is the longest and highest elevated waterway in Britain.By resolving the side effects of industrialization and urbanization, the canal made great contributions to the transportation demand and economic take-off during the British Industrial Revolution [41].
• Discussions and policy proposal: The World Heritage Canal mentioned above has indeed set an example for other canals in terms of protection, inheritance, and utilization through legislation.It also provides the following valuable experience: 1. Actively play the role of government guidance and coordination of urban planning.In its protection and management, three of the world's canals have an authoritative governing body in the complex relationship of multisectoral management.For example, the Medi Canal has the French Waterway Authority (VNF), and the Canadian Heritage Department leads a joint agency that includes the Canadian Parks Authority, four Canadian museums, the National Archives of Canada, and the National Library of Canada.They are relatively independent of the national management system.Public institutions, with relative authority, guidance, and lexibility in economy and management, can effectively manage the conservation system of heritage and landscapes, while also fairly coordinating the complex relationships between different departments.Similarly, the construction of the Grand  Canal in China also pays more attention to shared development and integrates the concept of " universal sharing, comprehensive sharing, co-construction and sharing, and gradual sharing " into the coordinated construction of the Grand Canal cultural belt [42][43][44][45].
2. Maintain the canal and other cultural heritage in the form of decrees.The above cases are trying to establish a sound legal system and a clear responsibility management system.For example, the French Midi Canal has a series of rules and regulations on engineering and management, which are issued to grass-roots units to make the protection and management of the canal rule-based [46].

3.
Finally, strictly in accordance with the law, properly handle the relationship between protection, inheritance, and utilization.Relatively speaking, the four canals selected above have a long history and sound laws and regulations, but their most worthwhile learning experience is to follow the law and act according to the law.In the process of transforming its functions and roles in line with the times and places, the four heritage canals, on the one hand, strictly control the UNESCO's regulations on sustainable development, on the other hand, through overall planning, while moderately developing the canal tourism, pay attention to the promotion of related industries in the surrounding areas, and adjust measures to local conditions.

4.
Vigorously develop cultural derivative industries and brand activities.Cities along the Grand Canal in China should comprehensively and systematically excavate and sort out cultural resources such as historical and cultural relics, ancient literature, and historical archives; through scienti ic and technological means and enhance the sense of cultural experience, so that the cultural and museum attractions along the " live " up, " ire " up [42,47].

Prudent protective development of tourism resources.
On the premise of not destroying the canal heritage and the ecological environment of the canal, cities along the Grand Canal in China can vigorously develop the ' deep tour of the canal '.Taking ' water ' as the chain and ' scenery ' as the point, the ancient city and the ancient town are connected in series, the cultural folklore and the tourism products are integrated, the humanistic elements and the natural elements complement each other, and the scenic spots are combined with the interactive experience to meet the multi-level and multi-faceted needs of tourists, enhance the attraction and appeal of the canal culture to tourists, and form a new pattern of deep tourism development in which sightseeing tourism, leisure vacation, and cultural experience are mutually integrated and mutually promoted [42,48,49].
However, there are still many weak links in the restoration of the Grand Canal, and the challenges are the coordination of industry and ecology, and the coordination of culture and ecology.How to implement the concept of green development, not to cause new pollution problems; how to stick to the bottom line of cultural heritage protection, not to overdevelop, and how to reasonably supervise and strengthen pollution prevention and control measures [50,51].

Conclusion
Canal history and cultural heritage is the concept of the time axis, the canal is the concept of the spatial axis.Discovering the cultural value and charm of the Grand Canal and inheriting the city's memory can promote modern economic development on the one hand, and bene it people's lives on the other, inding balance and resonance between the two.The residual heat of the canal culture in the above aspects is enough to light up life, activate the environment, empower development and create the future, and its value is worth further exploration.Acknowledgment 1. Regional architecture: Architecture that responds to the topography, topography, climate, and other natural environment of a certain region, as well as the lifestyle, cultural customs, religious beliefs, and other human environment, and meets the local economic and technical conditions.

2.
Mulberry-based ishpond is an ef icient arti icial ecosystem created in the Pearl River Delta region of China to make full use of land.It is a deep ishpond, high base ield, mulberry planting on the base of the pond, and ish farming in the pond.

Figure 3 :Figure 4 :
Figure 3: Number of People Most Willing to Stay at the Location MuLanWeiChangClimate: morphology extracted from yurts, also locally sourced It will not only reduce the damage to the local environment but will also better integrate into the local environment Hangzhou Fuyang Dongziguan Relocation Farmhouse Culture: Extract, analyze, and abstract the traditional double-slope roof or single-slope roof It will make a better combination of modern architecture and local traditional elements ZhuLi Technology: Close integration of traditional construction techniques with prefabricated industrialization Establishing the role and place of technology in architecture in a site-specifi c manner Shuangxi Academy Material: the main body of the building is built with bamboo steel Make full use of the advantages of bamboo steel such as high strength, high-density fl ame retardant low carbon, easy-toprocess, and recyclable

Table 1 :
Canal Culture North-South Comparison.

Table 2 :
Geographical Expression Instance Analysis.

• Other worldwide heritage canal classic cases:
This paper also selects the Medi Canal in France, the Rideau Canal in Canada, and the Pontquisit Water Bridge and Canal in the United Kingdom as examples to explore the experience in enhancing the protection, inheritance, and utilization of canal culture, natural heritage, and intangible cultural heritage.